Hydraulic Fracturing developed in 1940. It came into application in 1950.
Hydraulic Fracturing treatment is used to achieve adequate flows in Shale gas,
Tight gas, Tight oil, and Coal Seam gas wells. Some hydraulic fractures can form naturally in certain veins or dikes.
In Tight Reservoirs the rocks containing the oil don't have large pores. The oil flow from the rocks is weak and drilling a simple well into the rock won't get much of the oil out.
So to take oil from this Tight Reservoirs and Shale gas Hydraulic Fracturing is used. In the Hydraulic Fracturing, they inject a high-pressure injection of 'Fracking Fluid' like water, containing sand or other proppants suspended with the aid of thickening agents into the wellbore to create cracks or fractures in the rock formations. Fractures can extend hundreds of feet long. To keep the fractures from closing again, drillers send down a proppant, which is a mixture of fluids, sand, and pellets. These allow the oil to flow more freely from the rock.
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